Prince Albert National Park report decline in Sturgeon River plains bison herd

“We found 29 carcasses, we estimate there was probably around 60 individuals that were lost from the population due to that disease outbreak,” she said.

Watson added since the herd is wild, they’re not physically managed by humans which means predators such as wolves do prey on them. However, further study showed only the sick or weak bison were preyed on. She said predation doesn’t usually affect a population from growing.

Hunting females dented numbers

After looking into other factors, she said numbers continued to drop due to increased hunting of bison outside protected areas of the park. The herd would wander outside of the protected areas into farmland to feed.

“A number of years back harvesting rates were quite substantial, and we found that particularly breeding aged females were being harvested as opposed to other age classes or sexes of the population,” she said.

The purple line indicates the area plains bison are usually populated. Once they leave the park boundary they’re not in the protected area. (Submitted photo/Prince Albert National Park)

She said through collaborative bison management between Sturgeon River Plains Bison Stewards, CPAWS, the Buffalo Guardians, Parks Canada, the Government of Saskatchewan, Indigenous communities, and local landowners they’ve worked together to bring down harvesting rates and manage the size of the herd.

Education and other strategies

“We’ve also pointed out to harvesters that maybe they should take males as opposed to females, that way they can help our breeding stock and try to help the population increase again,” Watson said.

The bison are still leaving the park, but she said it hasn’t been as often as in the past. While on the land, bison can do damage to cropland and fences.

To try and reverse the decline they’ve conducted prescribed fires over the last few years which help influence bison movement and replenish grazing habitat in the park. The animals have been noticed feeding on the new growth.

They’ve also built electric diversionary fences in the southwest boundary of the park along the Sturgeon River where the bisons most often wandered out of the protected areas. Preliminary data, she explained, showed that since putting up the fences the animals spent less time outside the protected areas on farmland.

She added there is an increased number of younglings in the Sturgeon River herd, which is a positive sign of growth. She explained they’re optimistic of future herd expansion.

An annual survey done in February counted 91 bison which is the highest in three years. Watson said aerial surveys give them a minimum population count because there are portions of the forest which are hard to see from the air. Because of that, some of the herd is not detected from the aerial survey and they’re working on doing more on-ground monitoring.

“Plains bison are known as ecosystem engineers, so that means they shape the landscape for all other plants and animals including anything from birds, insects, to predators,” Watson explained. “If we don’t have bison in our ecosystem, the ecosystem is essentially broken and can’t work as intended to. So that’s kind of the importance of conserving the bison and keeping them on our landscape.”

–

Ian.gustafson@jpbg.ca

On Twitter: @iangustafson12

by Ian Gustafson

Prince Albert National Park report decline in Sturgeon River plains bison herd

What's Trending